![]() ![]() In morphological characters, it shows that species of the same family mostly share similar formation of the PEV plate and frontal structure. Results shows that species under family Nemichthyidae and Nettastomatidae have the highest values on the ratio of NCL/MFW, NCL/NCDB, and NCW/mPOBD. This paper shows the results of a comparative study on osteological characters of the neurocranium including the ratio of seven length characters using its NCL (neurocranium length), NCW (neurocranium width), OBL (orbit length), MFW (maximum frontal width), NCDB (neurocranium depth at basisphenoid), PEVW (premaxilla-ethmovomer width) and mPOBL (mid pre-orbital length), and 20 morphological diagnostic characters for 30 eel species. Furthermore, we focused on the neurocranium of total of 30 Anguilliformes fishes under family Congridae (10), Muraenesocidae (1), Muraenidae (7), Nemichthyidae (1), Nettastomatidae (2), Ophichthidae (5), Synaphobranchidae (4), which are caught in Taiwanese waters. In this study, we examined the osteological and morphological characteristics of eels under order Anguilliformes. Taiwan is one of the richest in the world in terms of eel fauna. meeki mitogenome and lay the foundation for the further exploration of gene rearrangement mechanisms. This study is expected to provide a new perspective on the A. ![]() Fourth, a phylogenetic analysis of Anguilliformes was conducted, and the clustering results supported the non-monophyly hypothesis regarding the Congridae. ![]() Third, we reproduced the possible evolutionary process of gene rearrangement in Ariosoma mitogenomes and attributed such an occurrence to tandem repeat and random loss events. The gene arrangement between them was found to be highly consistent, against the published A. Second, comparative genomic analysis was carried out between the mitogenomes of A. The ND6 and the conjoint tRNA-Glu genes were translocated to the location between the tRNA-Thr and tRNA-Pro genes, and a duplicated D-loop region was translocated to move upstream of the ND6 gene. As opposed to the typical gene arrangement pattern in other Anguilliformes species, the mitogenome of A. For this research, first, the mitochondrial genome structure and composition were analyzed. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of Ariosoma meeki (Anguilliformes (Congridae)). However, two types of gene arrangements have been identified in the mitogenomes of Anguilliformes. The mitochondrial genome structure of a teleostean group is generally considered to be conservative. This alternative prey transport mode is mechanically similar to the ratcheting mechanisms used in snakes-a group of terrestrial vertebrates that share striking morphological, behavioural and ecological convergence with moray eels. The discovery that pharyngeal jaws can reach up from behind the skull to grasp prey in the oral jaws reveals a major innovation that may have contributed to the success of moray eels as apex predators hunting within the complex matrix of coral reefs. The extreme mobility of the moray pharyngeal jaws is made possible by elongation of the muscles that control the jaws, coupled with reduction of adjacent gill-arch structures. This is the first described case of a vertebrate using a second set of jaws to both restrain and transport prey, and is the only alternative to the hydraulic prey transport reported in teleost fishes. Here we show that the moray eel (Muraena retifera) overcomes reduced suction capacity by launching raptorial pharyngeal jaws out of its throat and into its oral cavity, where the jaws grasp the struggling prey animal and transport it back to the throat and into the oesophagus. ![]() Given this reduction in a feeding mechanism that is widespread and highly conserved in aquatic vertebrates, it is not known how moray eels swallow large fish and cephalopods. Moray eels display much less effective suction-feeding abilities. Once captured, prey are carried by water movement inside the oral cavity to a second set of jaws in the throat, the pharyngeal jaws, which manipulate the prey and assist in swallowing. Most bony fishes rely on suction mechanisms to capture and transport prey. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |